Molecular Design of Efficient White-Light-Emitting Fluorene-Based Copolymers by Mixing Singlet and Triplet Emission

A new strategy to realize efficient white-light emission from a binary fluorene-based copolymer (PF-Phq) with the fluorene segment as a blue emitter and the iridium complex, 9-iridium(III)bis(2-(2-phenyl-quinoline-N,C30)(11,13-tetradecanedionate))-3,6-carbazole (Phq), as a red emitter has been proposed and demonstrated. The photoand electroluminescence properties of the PF-Phq copolymers were investigated. White-light emission with two bands of blue and red was achieved from the binary copolymers. The efficiency increased with increasing concentration of iridium complex, which resulted from its efficient phosphorescence emission and the weak phosphorescent quenching due to its lower triplet energy level than that of polyfluorene. In comparison with the binary copolymer, the efficiency and color purity of the ternary copolymers (PF-Phq-BT) were improved by introducing fluorescent green benzothiadiazole (BT) unit into polyfluorene backbone. This was ascribed to the exciton confinement of the benzothiadiazole unit, which allowed efficient singlet energy transfer from fluorene segment to BT unit and avoided the triplet quenching resulted from the higher triplet energy levels of phosphorescent green emitters than that of polyfluorene. The phosphorescence quenching is a key factor in the design of white light-emitting polyfluorene with triplet emitter. It is shown that using singlet green and triplet red emitters is an efficient approach to reduce and even avoid the phosphorescence quenching in the fluorene-based copolymers. The strategy to incorporate singlet green emitter to polyfluorene backbone and to attach triplet red species to the side chain is promising for white polymer light-emitting diodes. VC 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 453–463, 2008